Courses Available after 12th and Career Options

Courses available after 12th class – Career options for you after 12th
There are usually three streams that students always look for and these are Art, Science and commerce. Apart from these general streams, there are many other new courses available in the schools like electronic science, computer science. If we talk about the vocational courses after there is a long list for that. There are n numbers of courses available after 12^th class with good career opportunities and jobs. We can categorize these courses as per the streams.

• Courses available after 12^th Commerce
• Courses available after 12^th Science
• Courses available after 12^th Arts

Science and Engineering
Most percentage of students thinks for engineering as their career options after taking science. Few of the engineering courses after 12^th are Mechanical Engineering, Electronic engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Science, Electronic and communication, Medical courses, Teaching courses, B.E etc. There are lots of good career options and high paying jobs available after these courses. If you done your engineering from IITs, NITs or from other top engineering colleges than the changes are more to get you placed in big companies and MNCs from campus recruitment.
Computer course BCA and MCA are the most suitable courses if you want to make you career especially in computer field. In BCA and MCA you will learn the basic and advance programming languages, computer concepts, theory of computers etc. You will be finally achieved degree of Master in computer application. There are various universities like IGNOU, Delhi University, Sikkim Manipal University, Symboisys etc which provides these courses. know more about courses after science.
Commerce and Finance
Student with commerce background generally enters in financial sector unless they have changed their line. Commerce and finance is co-related. Student who have studies commerce at 10+2 level generally choose the following courses
B.Com(P), B.Com (H)
BBA
CA, ICWA, CS
Diploma or certification course in Banking and finance
B Com (Honors in Accounting and Finance)
B.Com (Banking & Insurance)
B.Com (Financial Markets)
B. Com (Banking and Insurance)
B.B.M (Bachelor of Business Management)
Know more about career options in commerce
For those who have taken Arts
Having academic knowledge is not enough now days, we are moving to completive age and there is too much competition in the market. You need to prove yourself in every possible space, apart from your academic strength. One should have the basis knowledge of computers which is most desirable eligibly criteria in almost all the jobs. So if you are in college and have arts, commerce, science or any other subjects, you must go for basis computer course. There are lots of big and small institutions like NIIT, Aptech, Arena, Heights and many more to name which provide basis and advance computer education with practical’s.
Short Term and Diploma courses after 12th
There are many short term courses, diploma courses available after 12th in the field of Audio Video Editions, camera and lighting, print Broadcast media, animation, visual effects etc.
List of the courses
Bachelor Degree Mass Communication & Journalism Course
Diploma in Film Arts & A/V Editing
Diploma in Animation including 2D & 3D Effects
Diploma in Print Media Journalism & Communications – Six Months
Camera & Lighting Courses
Diploma in Filmmaking & Digital Video Production
and many more to name. Course duration of these courses is from 6 moths to 1 year.
Source: http://cbsepapers.co.in/courses-available-after-12th-career-options-xii/40.html

SAMPLE PAPER HISTORY & CIVICS

HISTORY & CIVICS

H.C.G. - Paper - 1

(Two hours)

Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.

You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.

This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.

The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt all questions from Part I (Compulsory).  A total of five questions are to be

attempted from Part II, two out of three questions from Section A and three out of

five questions from Section B.

The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [  ].

PART I (30 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1

(a)  What is meant by a federal structure of government?                                                            [1]

(b)  Who is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha?                                                                           [1]

(c)  Name the two Houses of a Bicameral Legislature.                                                                      [1]

(d)  Who settles disputes in connection with the election of the Vice President?                                [1]

(e)  When can an ordinance be issued by the President?                                                                               [1]

(f)  Under which  situation may  the President  exercise his discretion  in selecting

the Prime Minister?                                                                                                                                        [1]

(g)  By whom and on whose advice can the Legislative Assembly be dissolved?                  [1]

(h)  Mention the grounds on which a Judge of the Supreme Court be removed?                               [1]

(i)  What is the purpose of the writ of prohibition?                                                                           [1]

(j)  Which  jurisdiction  will  give  the  High Court  the authority  to hear cases

regarding Admiralty and Contempt of Court?                                                                                      [1]

Question 2

(a)  Mention any  two social reforms advocated by the British which affected

the religious traditions of the people.                                                                                                     [2] 

 (b)  Name any  two methods through which the Moderates carried their

agitation.                                                                                                                                                             [2]

(c)  Name the  two Weeklies through which Tilak spread the message of

liberty.                                                                                                                                                                  [2]

(d)  Who founded the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College at Aligarh?  Name the Viceroy

who was responsible for granting separate representation to the Muslims in 1909.          [2]

(e)  Which tragic incident prompted Gandhiji to launch the Non Cooperation

Movement? Why was the Khilafat Movement launched?                                                             [2]

(f) Which country was blamed for the assassination  of Archduke Francis

Ferdinand? 

 Which treaty was the symbol of humiliation to the German people?                                       [2]

(g)  What is the term of office of the President of the  International Court of

Justice? Who elects the non-permanent members of the Security Council?                         [2]

(h)  What was the Marshall Plan? Name any  two military alliances that came

into being as a consequence of Cold War.                                                                                             [2]

(i)  Mention any two functions of the World Health Organisation.                                              [2] 

(j)  Who were the architects of the Non-Aligned Movement?                                                     [2]

PART II (50 Marks)

SECTION A

Attempt any two questions from this Section

Question 3

With reference to the Union Parliament and the State Legislature, discuss: 

 (a)  The procedure laid down for the passage of money bills by the State

Legislature.                                                                                                                                                         [3]

(b)  The circumstances under which the Union Parliament may make laws on

subjects in the State List.                                                                                                                              [3]

(c)  The grounds for disqualifying a person from being a member of the Rajya

Sabha.                                                                                                                                                                  [4] 

 Question 4

Assess the position of the Governor and the Chief Minister under the following

heads:

(a)  The judicial powers of the Governor.                                                                                              [3]

(b)  The power of the Chief Minister in relation to the State Legislature.                                                [3]

(c)  The legislative powers of the Governor.                                                                                        [4]

Question 5

Our Constitution provides for the establishment of  an independent, integrated

judiciary with the Supreme Court as the final tribunal in  the country. In this

context, explain:

(a)  The meaning and scope of Original Jurisdiction.                                                                          [3]

(b)  The term Judicial Review. 

  Why is the Supreme Court described as a Court of Record?                                                        [3]

(c)  The independence of the judiciary from the control of the executive.                             [4]

SECTION B

Attempt any three questions from this Section

Question 6

The revolt of 1857 had far-reaching effects on the administrative  setup,  judicial

administration and military organization in India. In this context, discuss:

(a)  Rights granted to the Indian princes.                                                                                               [3]

(b)  Rise of nationalism in India.                                                                                                                 [3]

(c)  The changes introduced in the administrative setup  of the British  

territories in India.                                                                                                                                           [4]

Question 7

The period between 1905 and 1914 saw the rise of aggressive nationalism. In this

context, state: 

(a)  The contribution of Tilak to the freedom struggle.                                                                   [3]

(b)  Those measures that illustrate the repressive policies of Lord Curzon.                            [3]

(c)     The achievements of the aggressive nationalists.                                                                   [4]

  Question 8

 (a)  Name the historic event associated with the picture given above. With this

event,  the Indian National Congress launched  a  national  movement in

1930.  Name the movement and the causes leading to this movement.                                  [4]

(b)  Why was the movement suspended?                                                                                            [3]

(c)  Why was the movement renewed?                                                                                                                 [3]

Question 9

The Cabinet Mission Proposal evoked a mixed reaction from the leaders of both the

congress and the Muslim League. In this context, state briefly:

(a)  Any four proposals made by the Cabinet Mission.                                                                     [4]

(b)  The reaction of the Congress to the Cabinet Mission proposals.                                         [3]

(c)  The reaction of the League to  the Cabinet Mission  proposals,  and  later

rejection of the Cabinet Mission proposals.                                                                                         [3] 

Question 10

With reference to the First World War:

(a)  Mention any three objectives of the League of Nations.                                                        [3]

(b)  Describe briefly any three results of the First World War.                                                      [3]

(c)  What do you mean by Human Rights?  Many commissions are playing an

active role in the implementation of Human Rights.  In this connection,

describe the role of any one commission.                                                                                             [4]

SAMPLE PAPER ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

SECTION-A(40 MARKS)

Attempt all questions from this Section 

Question 1
(a)     Give the full form of CITES. State its one of the objectives.                          [2]
(b)     List two reasons for encouraging judicious use of resources.                         [2]
(c)     Mention any  two man made disasters which had an adverse effect on  the

         environment.                                                                                                [2]
(d)    What is ecotourism?                                                                                     [2]
(e)    Mention the importance of percolation pits.                                                   [2]

Question 2
(a)    Differentiate between social forestry and agro forestry.                                  [2]
(b)   Write in brief on Biopiracy.                                                                           [2]
(c)   Name any  two methods used to control air pollution from a cement
       industry.                                                                                                        [2]
(d)  Name any two gases that cause the Green House Effect.                                [2]
(e)  State two advantages of crop rotation.                                                           [2]

Question 3

(a)  What is the meaning of acid rain?                                                                  [2]
(b)  What is biomagnification?                                                                             [2]
(c)  List any two roles of citizens in enforcing laws.                                              [2]

(d) What are the two methods of ground water recharge other than traditional
      methods?                                                                                                     [2]
(e) What are biofertilizers? Give an example.                                                      [2]

Question 4
(a) What are endangered species?                                                                     [2]
(b) List any two effects of thermal pollution on water bodies.                              [2]
(c) State the importance of educating consumers of  their rights giving  two
     points.                                                                                                         [2]
(d) Mention any  two differences between  renewable and  non-renewable
    sources of energy.                                                                                         [2]
(e) State any two effects of oil spills on marine life.                                            [2] 

 

SECTION B (40 Marks) 
         Attempt any four questions from this Section          

Question 5
(a)      Discuss the various measures that can be taken to conserve wildlife.  [6]
(b)     Write briefly about the Bhopal gas tragedy.                                        [4]

Question 6
(a)   What is meant by energy crisis? Give any four reasons that contribute to
        the energy crisis in the world today.                                                     [6]
(b)    Explain any four alternatives to chemical pesticides.                             [4]
 

Question 7
(a)    Discuss the role of Biotechnology in reducing environmental pollution.  [6]
(b)    What is disaster management? Explain any two measures that can be 

         taken to prevent forest fires.                                                               [4]

Question 8             

(a)      Briefly discuss how the Warli tribe managed land and forest in a
         sustainable manner for centuries.                                                         [6]

(b)     Write short notes on the following:
         (i)  Rehabilitation of people. 
         (ii)  Sacred Groves.                                                                             [4]

Question 9
(a)     The ever increasing population has put pressure on  land and water.
         Suggest  six measures which will help to conserve water in domestic,
         industrial and agricultural sectors.                                                         [6]
(b)    Treatment of water is a wise way of controlling water pollution. 
         Explain the steps involved in the treatment of wastewater.                     [4]

Question 10
(a)    Write short notes on the following:
        (i)  Beej Bachao Andolan. (save the seeds movement)
        (ii)  Effects associated with adulterated food.                                          [6]
(b)    What is meant by ozone depletion? 
         Enumerate any two effects of ozone depletion on the environment.         [4]

SAMPLE PAPER BIOLOGY ICSE X

Section I (40 marks)

Question 1

(a)        Name the following:-                                                                   

(i)         The respiratory pigment found in erythrocytes.

(ii)        The organ that produces urea.

(iii)       The part of the chloroplast where the light reaction of photosynthesis

takes place.

(iv)       A solution whose concentration is greater than that of the cell sap.

            (v)        The part of the ovary that produces progesterone.

(b)        State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, rewrite

the correct form of the statement by changing the first word only:

(i)              Cones are photoreceptor cells that are sensitive to dim light.

(ii)       The Beta cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.

(iii)            Tubectomy is the surgical method of sterilization in man.

(iv)           Guttation is the loss of water in the form of water droplets from

hydathodes.

            (v)       Nephrons are the basic unit of the brain.

 

(c)        Give technical terms for the following:

(i)         Plasma devoid of fibrinogen.

(ii)       Movement of water molecules across the cell membrane from

hypertonic to hypotonic solution.

(iii)       The stage where chromosomes lie on the equator of the achromatic

spindle.

(iv)       Alternative form of a gene on a pair of homologous chromosome.

            (v)        Period of complete intrauterine development of the foetus.
 

(d)        Given below are five sets with four terms each. In each set one term is

odd. Choose the odd one out of the following terms given and name the

            category to which the others belong: 

SET	ODD TERM	CATEGORY
(i) Sneezing, coughing,blinking, typing
(ii) ADH, TSH, NADPH, ACTH
(iii)Tympanum,macula,cochlea,utriculus
(iv) Stoma, stroma,lamellae,quantosome.
(v)Basophil,neutrophil,Eosinophil,lymphocyte

(e)        Given below is an apparatus used to study a particular process in plants.

Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i)         Name the apparatus.

(ii)        Mention one limitation of this apparatus.

(iii)       Which phenomenon is studied with the help of this apparatus?

(iv)       What is the function of the part marked ‘reservoir’?

            (v)        What is the role of the air bubble in the experiment?

(f)        Choose the correct alternative from the choices given below each statement so

as to complete its meaning:

(i)             The number of daughter cells formed at the end of meiosis from a cell

are.

(a)        2 Haploid cells

(b)        2 Diploid cells

(c)        4 Haploid cells

(d)        4 Diploid cells.

          

(ii)        Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system

in human beings?

(a)        Uterus

(b)        Ovary

(c)        Ureter

(d)        Fallopian tube.

(iii)       Ovulation occurs:

(a)        at the beginning of menstrual cycle

(b)        in the mid of the menstrual cycle

(c)        at the end of the menstrual cycle

(d)        during any time of the menstrual cycle.

(iv)       Phototrophic mode of nutrition requires:

(a)        Chlorophyll

(b)        Sunlight

(c)         and water

(d)        All the above.

(v)        Plasmolysis identifies the process of:

(a)        Imbibition

(b)        Diffusion

 (c)       Active transport

                         (d)        Osmosis. 

(g)        Given below are five sets of terms. In each case, arrange and rewrite each set so as to be in logical sequence.

(i)         Tympanum, stapes, malleus, incus, fenestra ovalis

(ii)        Graafian follicle, uterus, oviducal funnel, fallopian tube, ovum

(i)             Soil, water, root hair, xylem, cortex, endodermis

            (iv)       Association neuron, effector, motor neuron, receptor, sensory neuron

(v)        Lens, pupil, conjunctiva, yellow spot, cornea.

(h)        Explain the following terms:

(i)        Antiseptic

(ii)       Photolysis

(iii)            Growth rate of population

(iv)            Mutation

            (v)      Trophic hormone.

Section-II(40 marks)

Question 2

(a)        Given below is a diagrammatic representation of a certain part of the process

of circulation of blood in man. Study the same and then answer the following questions:

(i)             Name the parts labelled 1, 2, 4 and 6.

(ii)        Give the number and name of the vessel which contains the maximum

amount of urea a few hours after a protein rich meal.

(iii)       Draw a neat, labelled diagram of the cross sectional view of the blood

vessel numbered 3.

(iv)       Mention two structural differences between blood vessels ‘3’ and ‘8’. 

(b)        Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is given in

brackets:

(i)             Lymphocytes and Neutrophils. (structure of the nucleus)

(ii)            Beginning of the ventricular systole and the end of ventricular systole.

(type of heart sound)

(iii)       Prostrate gland and Cowper’s gland. (the nature of secretion)

(iv)       Rod cells and Cone cells. (pigment)

            (v)        Simple goitre and exophthalmic goitre. (cause of the disorder)

Question 3

(a)        Complete the following table by filling in the numbered blanks with an

appropriate term/answer:

Gland	Hormone produced	Function
Thyroid	1	2
3	4	Dilates pupil of eye
5	Insulin	6
7	ADH	8
9	10	Conversion of glycogen to glucose

(b)        (i)        Draw a neat diagram of a single Malpighian corpuscle and label the

following parts:

Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Afferent arteriole, and Efferent

 arteriole.

             (ii)        Name and explain the process that occurs in the glomerulus.

Question 4

(a)          Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:

(i)         Name the parts labelled1 and 2. State the functions of each part.

(ii)        State any two functions of the amniotic fluid.

(i)             What is the role of the umbilical cord in the development of the

foetus?

           (iv)       Name the part in the diagram which is endocrine in nature.

(b)        (i)        State Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment.

(ii)        A homozygous Tall plant (T) bearing red coloured (R) flowers is

crossed with a homozygous Dwarf plant (t) bearing white flowers (r):-

(1)        Give the Genotype and Phenotype of the F1 generation.

(2)        Give the possible combinations of the gametes that can be

obtained from the F1 hybrid.

(3)        Give the dihybrid ratio and the phenotype of the offsprings of

the F2 generation when two plants of the F1 generation above

                                    are crossed.

Question 5

(a)        Given below is a diagram depicting a defect of the human eye. Study the

same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i)         Name the defect shown in the diagram.

(ii)        Name two possible reasons for this defect of the eye in human beings.

(iii)       Name the parts labelled 1 to 4.

(iv)       Draw a labelled diagram to show how the above mentioned defect is

rectified using an appropriate lens.

(b)        (i)         Mention three reasons for the increase in population in India.

(ii)        Write the full forms of NADP and BCG.

(i)             Explain the term antibiotic. Give an example of an antibiotic.

            (iv)       State any three functions of the World Health Organization. 

Question 6

(a)        (i)        Explain the term Plasmolysis. Give one application of this

phenomenon in our daily lives.

(ii)        Enumerate the steps involved in testing a green leaf for the presence of

starch.

(i)             State any three adaptations in plants to reduce transpiration.

 (b)       (i)        Draw a neat labelled diagram of the structure found in the inner ear.

Name the part of the structure that is responsible for static balance in

human beings.

(ii)        Name the tube which connects the cavity of the middle ear with the

throat.

(ii)            Name any two microbial diseases and the vaccines used as preventive

                       measures for each. 

Question 7

(a)        The diagram given below represents a stage during mitotic cell division in

an animal cell:-

(i)             Identify the stage. Give a reason to support your answer.

(ii)        Name the parts labelled 1, 2 and 3.

(ii)            What is the chromosome number of the cell?

(iii)           Draw a neat, labelled diagram of the cell as it would appear in the

next stage. Name the stage.                                                                           [5]

(b)        Give reasons for the following:-

(i)         Plants begin to die when excess of soluble fertilizers are added to

the soil.

(ii)        Injury to the medulla oblongata results in death.

(iii)       Gametes have a haploid number of chromosomes.

(iv)       Green leaves are thin and broad.

(v)        Lysosomes are termed suicidal bags of a cell.